CJ summarize 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CJ summarize 6 - Essay Example These police organizations are mainly derived from a punitive model of administration and control and here any deviation from the rules and regulations can lead to punishments based within ranks. The police organizations have three main services, i.e. line services, administrative services and auxiliary services. The main functions of the police department include protect public safety, enforce the law, control traffic, conduct criminal investigations and interpret the law. Considering the patrol elements of the job, there has been immense evolution from night watch systems, to motorized patrols, however in the recent times this has moved on to be more focused on foot patrolling thereby increasing the contact with citizens. To ensure the overall effectiveness of the patrolling system, the Kansas experiment was conducted. Here this included a normal group, which involved a car cruising, a proactive group, where there was a higher level of patrol and more number of cars and finally the reactive group where the police response was only based on requests. There was not much difference with the three groups and the presence or absence of the police was in no manner a deterrent to crimes. In terms of the detective force approach, the main focus includes identification, arresting criminal offenders, collecting and preserving physical evidence, locating and interviewing witnesses and also the recovery and return of stolen properties. However the overall proportion of arrests is relatively much lesser. There are however several other issues that are present, which includes abuses, reclassification, low clearance rates, etc. The police department however also have a number of specific types of enforcement situations which include surveillance, decoy operations, intelligence gathering, and other enforcement activities. There are also other assigned officers to SWAT teams which deal with high risk situations. Another group of police

Hedging Strategies Adopted by Airlines Organizations for Hedging their Dissertation

Hedging Strategies Adopted by Airlines Organizations for Hedging their Foreign - Dissertation Example Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Risk Management 2.3 Hedging - Concept and Meaning 2.4 Brief Historical overview of Hedging 2.5 Impact of Globalization on Hedging 2.6 Type of Hedging Instruments 2.7 Hedging Strategies 2.7.1 Internal hedging strategies 2.7.2 External hedging strategies 2.8 Factors affecting Type of Hedging Strategies 2.9 Benefits of Hedging 2.10 Disadvantages of Hedging 2.11 Some of the major risks facing the global airline industry 2.12 Conclusions Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Approach 3.3 Research Sample 3.4 Data Collection Methods 3.5 Methods of Data Analysis 3.6 Research Validity and Reliability 3.7 Research Ethics 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 British Airlines (BA) 4.2.1 Financial Performance, BA 4.2.2 Hedging Strategies used by BA 4.2.4 Challenges faced by British airways 4.2.4 Financial Heath and Hedging Strategies 4.2.5 Financial management recommendations 4.3 Thomas Cook Airlines 4 .3.2 Financial Performance of Thomas Cook 4.3.2 Hedging Strategies Thomas Cook 4.2.3 Challenges faced by British airways 4.2.4 Financial Heath and Hedging Strategies 4.3.5 Financial management recommendations 4.4 Easy Jet 4.4.1 Financial Performance, Easy Jet 4.3.2 Hedging Strategies Thomas Cook 4.3.3 Challenges faced Easy Jet 4.3.4 Financial Heath and Hedging Strategies 4.3.5 Financial management recommendations Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusions 5.1 Summary of Findings 5.2 Recommendations 5.3 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research Hedging Strategies Adopted by Airlines Organizations for Hedging their Foreign Currency Risks Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research overview and Background Due to the advent of globalization and the changes in the business environment, it is... From this research it is clear that due to the advent of globalization and the changes in the business environment, it is now possible for organizations to conduct business from and to anywhere across the globe. The business environment facilitates business operations that can be conducted through foreign currency denominated transactions. As organizations expand their businesses globally, they accumulate foreign currency receivables and payables in their financial statements. The large inclusion of foreign denomination transactions makes the organizations vulnerable to foreign currency fluctuations. Any negative changes in the exchange rate can end up impacting the company seriously. Organizations therefore strive to find ways of avoiding or combating risks associated with the foreign currency fluctuations. Some of the popular strategies of hedging such risks that organizations adopt are through using financial derivative products - currency futures, foreign currency options, curren cy swaps and forward contract. Moreover, with the breakthrough in the Information and communication technology that has made it possible the development of sophisticated financial management tools and techniques, organizations today have a much larger variety of hedging instruments and strategies to work with. There are several theories and theoretical perspectives that explain the rationale for using hedging practices and the effectiveness of the same.