Dramatic irony Essay Example for Free

Dramatic irony Essay (Act 3, scene 3, line 135): I think thou dost; and for I thou rt full of love and honesty †¢This is ironic because Othello thinks Iago is a honest man when in reality Iago is scheming against him Foreshadowing Act 3, scene 3, line 100- 103): Excellent wretch! Perdition catch my soul †¢This line foreshadows bad events that will happen if Othello falls out of love with Desdemona. Symbol:  Handkerchief:symbolizes Desdemona and Othellos bond and marriage and once it is lost we see that their marriage is coming apart. Paradox  (Act 3, scene 3, line 202): Poor and content is rich, and rich enough †¢In this quote Iago is comforting Othello with a paradox after Iago arouses Othellos suspisious of Desdemona being unfaithful. Hubris  (Act 3, scene 3, line 314): tis the plague of great ones †¢In this line Othello is being very hubris because he is basically say that great people have to suffer more than average people. He is showing his big ego and is using it to convince himself why Desdemona would be unfaithful to him (Act 3, scene 3, line 406): Pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war! †¢In this quote Othello is talking about his position as a general, and how since Desdemona cheated on him that everything he had is now gone. Metaphors  (Act 3, scene 3, line 441- 445): Her name, that was as fresh as dians visage, is now begrimed and black †¢This line is a metaphor because Othello basically saying the Desdemonas repuation was as white as snow. (Act 3, scene 3, line 514-517): Never, Iago.Like to the Pontic Sea, Whose icy current. †¢This line is a metaphor because Othello is saying that is rage or violent thoughts are flowing like a river. Allusions: (Act 3, scene 3, line 442): As Dians visage †¢Othello is making reference to the goddess of chasity

Low-grade Rhabdoid Meningioma: Morphological Characteristics

Low-grade Rhabdoid Meningioma: Morphological Characteristics Arvids Jakovlevs, Andrejs Vanags, Janis Gardovskis, Ilze Strumfa SUMMARY Rhabdoid meningioma (RM) is a rare type of meningioma. It is classified as a grade III tumour (anaplastic meningioma) in the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we describe a unique case of RM lacking any features of malignancy. Few cases of low-grade RMs are described in the literature in contrast with the grading of this entity in WHO classification. Key words: meningioma, rhabdoid, low-grade AIM OF THE DEMONSTRATION The aim of our article is to report a case of unusual RM lacking malignant features in regard to the issue about the prognostic significance of rhabdoid morphology in meningiomas. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to progressive headaches over previous 1.5 years. The magnetic resonance imaging of head and brain revealed a well-demarcated intracranial lesion measuring 3.53.63.6 cm (Figure 1A). The mass was located adjacent to the frontal bone and was attached to the dura mater. The patient underwent a craniotomy and total tumour resection. Histological examination of the neoplasm revealed cells consistent with rhabdoid morphology. The tumour was almost entirely composed of polygonal, rather large cells that possessed eccentric nuclei, strongly eosinophilic cytoplasm with abundant pale globular inclusions and prominent cytoplasmic granularity (Figure 1B). The nuclei of neoplastic cells were slightly pleomorphic. Mitoses were absent in the whole specimen. In addition, the tumour had well-developed fibrous capsule that demarcated it from normal brain tissues. Psammoma bodies were found in some areas of the tumour. Immunohistochemical visualizati on (IHC) showed intense cytoplasmic expression of vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen (Figure 1C-D) as well as strong nuclear expression of progesterone receptors in the tumour cells. The neoplastic cells did not express smooth muscle actin, desmin, HMB-45, S-100 protein, kappa and lambda light chains. Ki-67 proliferation index was as low as 1.5 %. Thus, the morphological appearance and immunohistochemical features were consistent with RM and low-grade cellular characteristics. DISCUSSION Tumours with rhabdoid morphology were first described in 1978 in relation to malignant renal tumours of children (1). Nowadays, many tumours with rhabdoid morphology are known in different localizations including CNS and meninges. Rhabdoid cells have no evidence of myogenic origin. The term „rhabdoid† is used to denote close histological resemblance of tumour cells to rhabdomyoblasts. Rhabdoid cells are characterized by typical light microscopic morphology: round cells with eccentric, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm with paranuclear globular inclusions (3). Meningiomas developing from the meninges are among the most common intracranial tumours. Regarding these tumours, surgery is the mainstay of treatment, and neurosurgeon also is involved in the planning of further observation and treatment in accordance to the tumour grade (5). Meningiomas show wide range of histopathological appearances. While the majority of meningiomas are benign tumours (WHO grade I meningiomas), some meningiomas have increased risk of local recurrences (WHO grade II meningiomas) and the minority are truly malignant and have a risk of metastatic dissemination; these are classified as WHO grade III meningiomas (2). RM is an uncommon type of meningioma which was described for the first time in 1998 (3). It was found that rhabdoid morphology in meningiomas was associated with a worse prognosis (3). Soon after this finding RM was separated as a distinct entity in WHO classification of CNS tumours published in 2000. RM has been classified as a grade III neoplasm by WHO (2). Consistent with the malignant behaviour, significant mitotic activity, anaplasia and other atypical features are usually found in RMs (2, 4). However, there are some isolated reports of RMs with no evidence of cellular atypia (6). In our case diagnosis of RM was established due to pure rhabdoid morphology along with meningothelial origin that was clearly demonstrated by IHC. Absence of atypia in the tumour cells and low Ki-67 proliferation index was consistent with low-grade meningioma in the present case. In conclusion, rhabdoid meningioma occasionally lacks histological features of malignancy that can lead to confusion if the rhabdoid morphology is always associated with malignant behaviour. Increased awareness of low-grade rhabdoid meningiomas is necessary to estimate the prognosis and to plan the treatment appropriately. REFERENCES Beckwith JB, Palmer NF. Histopathology and prognosis of Wilms tumors: results from the First National Wilms’ Tumor Study // Cancer, 1978; 41:1937 – 1948 Cooper WA, Shingde M, Lee VK, Allan RS, Wills EJ, Harper C. â€Å"Rhabdoid meningioma† lacking malignant features. Report of two cases // Clin Neuropathol, 2004; 23(1):16 – 20 Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK. Meningeal tumors // In: Bosman FT, Jaffe ES, Lakhani RS, Ohgaki H. WHO Classification of tumours of the central nervous system. 4th edition. Lyon: IARC; 2007; 164-180 Perry A, Scheithauer BW, Stafford SL, Abell-Aleff PC, Meyer FB. Rhabdoid meningioma: an aggressive variant // Am J Surg Pathol, 1998; 22:1482 – 1490 Walcott BP, Nahed BV, Brastianos PK, Loeffler JS. Radiation treatment for WHO grade II and III meningiomas // Front Oncol, 2013; 3:227, doi:10.3389/fonc.2013.00227 Zhou Y, Xie Q, Gong Y, Mao Y, Zhong P, Che X, Jiang C, Huang F, Zheng K, Li S, Gu Y, Bao W, Yang B, Wu J, Wang Y, Chen H, Xie L, Zheng M, Tang H. Clinicopathological analysis of rhabdoid meningiomas: Report of 12 cases and a systematic review of the literature // World Neurosurg, 2013; 79(5-6):724 – 732 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones: Synthesis 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones: Synthesis 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones Synthesis A very convenient and non-laborious one-pot synthesis method developed by Noller and Baliah [50] has been used successfully for the synthesis of 3t-alkyl-2r, 6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 32 by the condensation of methyl ketones, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate in 1:2:1 molar ratio (Scheme 13). It’s a non-laborious one-pot synthesis of 3t-alkyl-2r, 6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 32. Various substituted piperidin-4-ones were also synthesized by adapting the above method [53-,57]. Often used typical procedure reported by Baliah and Jeyaraman was adapted to synthesis several substituted 3t-alkyl-2r,6c-difuranylpiperidin-4-ones 33 and 3t-benzyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 34 with convenient modification [58,59]. Seven r(2),c(4)-bis(isopropoxycarbonyl)-t(3)-aryl-c(5)-hydroxy-t(5)-methylcyclohexano-nes (aryl = C6H5, p-ClC6H4, p-FC6H4, p-OMeC6H4, p-Me2NC6H4, m-O2NC6H4 and m-C6H5OC6H4) have been synthesized by condensing isopropyl acetoacetate with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of methylamine [53]. Aridoss et al have synthesized an array of novel N-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones as well as imidazo(4,5-b) pyridinylethoxypiperidones and Structure and stereochemistry of all the N-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones have been analyzed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques [54,55]. 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been recorded for 2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-one (3_-hydroxy-2_naphthoyl)hydrazones and 3,3-dimethyl-2r,6c-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one [56-57]. Conversion to other derivatives Other derivatives from piperidin-4-ones have been obtained which includes oximes 35 [60-73], hydrazones 36 [57,74], semicarbazones 37 [75], thiosemicarbazones 38 [69], and phenylhydrazones 39 [76] by the reaction of the carbonyl group with suitable reagents. 2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones have been reduced to obtain 4t-Hydroxy-2r, 6c-diphenylpiperidines 40a and 4c-hydroxy-2r,6c-diphenylpiperidines 40b. N-substituted 2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 41-51 was obtained by the reaction of the NH function with suitable reagents have been reported (Scheme 13) [77-84]. Physico-chemical studies Several physico-chemical studies have been performed for 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones and their derivatives [64-91]. Several studies have documented the conformations of various substituted 2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones [78,86]. Pandiarajan et al. [88] have elaborately discussed the conformations of 32 and suggested chair conformation to these compounds with equatorial disposition of the aryl and alkyl substituents based on their NMR spectral data. Substitution of alkyl group at C-3 position of the piperidine ring causes the ring to flatten slightly about C(2)-C(3) bond probably to decrease gauche interaction between aryl and alkyl groups at C(2) and C(3). Stereochemistry of N-acetyl and N-benzoyl-2r,6c-diphenylpiperidin-4-one oximes 5256 has been already reported [89]. Synthesis and conformation of 3t-chloro-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 57 also been reported [90,91]. Manimekalai et al. [92] demonstrated the conformation of benzyl group in 4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidines 58. Pharmacological studies Many piperidine derivatives possess pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities and to form an essential part of the molecular structure of important drugs [9, 93-97]. Piperidin-4-ones have been used for development of compounds with selective biological activities include antiviral [98], antitumor [99], analgesic [100], local anesthetic [101,102], bactericidal [103], fungicidal [103], herbicidal [103], insecticidal [104], antihistaminic [104], anti-inflammatory [104], anticancer [105], CNS stimulant [105], antitubercular and depressant [106] activities. Earlier reports have clearly established that the biological activities[R1] of piperidin-4-ones were improved by incorporation of the substituents at C-2, C-3 and C-6 [106,107]. Ferguson documented that N-nitrosopiperidines are carcinogenic in nature and blocking of one of the à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ position by an alkyl group significantly reduces the carcinogenic activity [108]. Lijinsky and Taylo r have also supports that blocking of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ positions to the N-nitroso group by methyl groups reduces the carcinogenic activity [109]. 3t,5t-Dimethyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-one hydrochlorides 59-61 have shown anti-histaminic activity [110]. Furthermore, 3t,5t-dimethyl-2r,6c-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one 62 and 3t-methyl-5-substitutedphenyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones 63 showed antimicrobial, insecticidal and antihistaminic activities [111]. 2,3,6-Triarylpiperidin-4-ones 64 and their oximes exhibits marked bactericidal, fungicidal and herbicidal activities [104]. N-Substituted piperidin-4-one 65 and its derivatives 66 and 67 exhibited potential Juvenile hormone activity on Bombyx mori [112]. N-methyl-3E,5E-bis(arylidine)piperidin- 4-ones 68, possessing a variety of aryl and heteroaryl groups, showed antiviral and antitumor activities [98]. 3E,5E-Bis(benzylidene)piperidin-4-one 69, 1-acryloyl derivatives of 69, and 70 the adduct of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid 71 as well as 3E,5E-Bis(thienylidene)-piperidin-4-ones 72 have shown antitumor activity towards human carcinoma cell lines Caov3, Scov3 and A549 [113]. Furthermore, modification of position 3 of the piperidin-4-one nucleus as well as a substitution of certain functional groups in the para position of phenyl ring attached to C-2 and C-6 carbons of the piperidine moiety would result in compounds of potent biological activities. Hydrazones Hydrazones are a class of organic compounds with azomethine -NHN=CH- proton that constitutes an important class of compounds for new drug development [10,97,98]. Hydrazone are formed usually by the action of hydrazine on ketones or aldehydes. Hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives receive the attention of various medicinal chemists as a result of their effectual biological potencies viz., antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, and also anticonvulsant actions [10,114-116]. Some hydrazones is known to act as herbicides, insecticides, nematocides, rodenticides and plant growth regulators. Several studies have documented the spasmolytic activity, hypotensive action and activity against leukaemia, sarcomas and other malignant neoplasms [114-116]. Many of the physiologically active hydrazones have applications in diseases like tuberculosis, leprosy and mental disorder are characterized by the presence of the triatomic group (>C=N–N73 [117]. Hydrazones are also useful in detection, determination and isolation of compounds containing the carbonyl group and many other metals [10]. Syringaldehyde hydrazones 74 and 6-nitro-3,4-methylene-dioxophenyl-N-acylhydrazone 75 exhibits antioxidant properties [118,119]. Hydrazone and its substituted derivatives showed good antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, anticancer and antitumor activities. 1-[4=[(2-[(4-Substitutedphenyl)methylene]hydrazine] carbonyl)phenyl]-3-substituted thioureas 76 exhibited good clinically active tuberculostat [120]. Some coupling products from 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazones 77 and (7-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetic hydrazide 78 showed antimicrobial activity [121,122]. A series of 4-fluorobenzoic acid (substituted methylene/ ethylidine) hydrazide derivatives 79 showed the chemotherapeutic antituberculosis activities [123]. Hemalatha et al have documented the antibacterial and antifungal activities of N-nitroso-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-one semicarbazones [124]. Some bicyclic semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones 81 showed a wide variety of biological activities [124]. The significance of fusing heterocycles Heterocycles possess an enormously diverse group of compounds, are widely distributed in nature. Heterocycles can be easily manipulated and modified by organic synthetic methods to increase or decrease reactivity. They are used extensively as intermediates in various reactions as well as building blocks in organic synthesis. Novel libraries of biologically diverse heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized by incorporation and substitution of a wide range of functional groups (ring activators or deactivators) and their positions around the ring of heterocycles. Several studies provide evidence that combination of two bio-active heterocyclic moieties together leads to the production of novel and biologically important compounds with the anticipation of several promising pharmacological agents [4,125]. Based on the above features discussed under 3t-Alkyl-2r,6c-diarylpiperidin-4-ones, 2r,4c-Diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones and hydrazones, we have developed the system that fuse 3 -azabicyclonones/piperidin-4-one pharmacophore and hydrazide moieties together to produce the corresponding hydrazones with the anticipation of several promising antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial agents arising. The relevant technique used to elucidate the structure of the newly synthesized compounds Specialized spectroscopic instruments can be used to generate information that enables the determination of the structure of an unknown organic compound. This includes Infrared spectrometry (IR), nuclear magnetic spectrometry (NMR) and elemental analysis. Among all available spectrometric methods, NMR is the only technique which offers a complete analysis and interpretation of the entire spectrum [126,127]. A few of the strategies of NMR experiments that are used in determination of different compounds are described as follows. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, one of the most versatile techniques for elucidation of structure of organic compounds, has shown a tremendous progress due to improved experimental technology and novel approaches. In NMR, the most useful information comes from the interactions between two nuclei, either through the bonds which connect them (J-coupling interaction) or directly through space (NOE interaction) [126-128]. Interpretation of NMR spectra is well understood from the following basic information gathered from NMR spectra. 1) Chemical shift, which identifies the type of proton based on their electronic environment, 2) Spin-Spin splitting patterns, which identifies neighbouring protons, 3) Peak Area, which is proportional to the number of protons giving a particular resonance line, 4) The observation of a triplet and a quartet spin state confirming usually the presence of an ethyl group (CH3CH2) and 5) The observation of ÃŽ ´ values between 7.2-8.0 indicates that the structure contains a benzene ring (benzyl proton) [126-130]. Generally, three approaches are used in NMR spectroscopy methods. These include one dimension (1D), two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). The first approach of 1D-NMR (1H DEPT, 13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, etc.) generates good information about the structure of simple organic compounds. However, it is overcrowded in case e of larger molecules. The second approach of 2D-NMR (COSY, DQFCOSY, MQFCOSY, HETCOR, HSQC, HMQC, HMBC, TOCSY, NOESY, EXSY, etc.) is used for the further larger molecules. A 2D-NMR spectrum also becomes complex and overlapping in case of further very large molecules like proteins. Therefore, multi-Dimensional-NMR (Homonuclear and Heteronuclear) are generally used to achieve high resolution and reduced overlapping in spectra of very large molecules [126,128,129]. This section further describes the general interpretation of structure of different organic compounds by different NMR techniques. 1D NMR SPECTROSCOPY 1H-NMR: Spin transitions of only hydrogen nuclei are observed in in 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Table 1 represents different ÃŽ ´ values, couplings, coupling constants and chemical shifts of 1H nuclei processing in different chemical environments. Commonly, ÃŽ ´ value scale of 1H-NMR ranges from 0-10 ppm with respect to Tetra methyl Silane (TMS) as internal standard. 1H-NMR spectral interpretation can be best understood from table 4 [126,131]. 1H Chemical shifts Because of variations in the electron distribution, the variation of nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies of the same kind of nucleus is referred to as chemical shift (symbolized by ÃŽ ´). Quantitative chemical shift are measured in frequency (Hertz) relative to a standard, Tetra methyl silane (TMS). Characterization of the structure of a molecule is depending upon the position and number of chemical shifts [111,112,115]. The chemical shift range of 1H nuclei can also be understood from a chart given in figure 1 [126].The chemical shift values for methyl protons attached to groups of varied electronegativity are given below [127]: CH3I-2.16 CH3Br-2.18 CH3Cl-3.05 and CH3F-4.26 ppm, The electron density around the proton affects its chemical shift. Because of the e- density around the H nuclei, the CH3 protons come to resonance at higher ÏÆ' values as the electronegativity of a functional group is increased. Electronic charge surrounded to H nuclei shields the nucleus to some extent from the influence of the applied field. The magnetic flux overcomes this shielding effect in order to bring a proton to resonance. Thus, the higher the electron density around the proton, the greater the induced diamagnetic effect and the greater the external field required to overcome the shielding effect. Electro-ve groups like fluorine in CH3F withdraws e- density from the CH3 group (-inductive effect). This leads to de-shielding by lower value of an applied magnetic field in order bring the methyl proton to resonance. Fluorine is more electro-ve than Cl, thus the proton in CH3F appears at a higher ÃŽ ´ values than those in CH3Cl. The chemical shift positions for protons attache d to C=C in alkenes is higher compared to that of accounted by electronegative effect alone. Alkene and aromatic protons appear at high ÏÆ' values while alkyne C≠¡C protons appear at a relatively low ÃŽ ´ value [126,127,132]. The magnetic field created by pi electrons or rings is referred to as Magnetic anisotropy, which describes an environment where different magnetic fields are found at different points in space. Since Pi electrons are held less strongly than sigma electrons, pi electrons are more able to move in response to the magnetic field. The anisotropic effects of the à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³ electrons of C-C bond is low compared to those of the circulating à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ °-electrons. The equatorial protons in cyclohexane resonate at 0.5 ppm higher than the axial protons. This is due to the anisotropic effect of the à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³-electron in the CÃŽ ²-Cà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ § bonds [127,133] (Figure. 2). [R1]Specify which biological activity

The Survival Of Gone With The Wind English Literature Essay

The Survival Of Gone With The Wind English Literature Essay A bloody war, the fight for survival in a new society, and an epic romance that makes everything else pale in comparison; Scarlett and Rhetts unlikely love in Gone with the Wind matches the scale and grandeur of the antebellum South. Heartbreakingly, though, at the end of the classic book, Scarlett is left high and dry. Anyone who has read the book might have seen it coming. From Scarletts selfishness, need for control, and love of Ashley Wilkes to her daughter Bonnies death, there were many issues that contributed to the failure of Scarletts third marriage. At the heart of the problem was Scarletts selfishness. As a spoiled daughter of a rich plantation owner, Scarlett was never told no. Her hardest decisions were which of her many admirers she should focus on. Then the war struck, and the girl was forced to become a woman and deny herself to preserve Tara, the plantation and home that she loved more than anything. She struggled through hardship and learned to be tough and ruthless. Once she was with Rhett, she had the luxury to be spoiled once again. She took and took; she used Rhetts money to build an ostentatious house in the midst of the hardships of Reconstruction. Even worse, she denied her husband the ability to have another child, simply to preserve her slim waistline. Her vanity and greed slowly chipped away at the love that tied Rhett to her. While he admired her strength, he eventually grew weary of the immaturity that was under the surface. Scarlett also refused to truly admit her love for Rhett, fearing that it would give him leverage over her. This too had been instilled in her during the years of Reconstruction. In addition to making Scarlett grow up overnight, the war had given Scarlett a lack of trust that made it difficult for her to be vulnerable. So day after day, she and Rhett struggled through a marriage where each one was competing for the upper hand instead of submitting to the other. Scarlett would not relinquish her fears and selfish goals, and Rhett was afraid to put himself at the mercy of such a ruthless woman. They were never able to let go and trust each other despite their mutual love; instead, they were constantly bidding for power. What they had at that point was hardly a marriage at all. In addition to these deep problems that she and Rhett faced, Bonnies death put incredible strain on their marriage. Their daughter was perhaps the one thing that kept Rhett tied to Scarlett once the magic was gone. Rhett had gone into things thinking he could charm Scarlett, but he soon realized that it was easier said than done. So when his first daughter came along, she became the light of his life. He could spoil her and love her unconditionally. There were none of the games he had to play with Scarlett. Then, Bonnie fell one day and broke her neck while learning to ride sidesaddle. With no one to offer him unconditional love, Rhett could no longer endure the strains of his marriage. It was the straw that broke the camels back; Rhett had used his love, and without any in return, he was just too tired to continue playing their little game. Perhaps the greatest plague of all in Scarletts marriage was her love for Ashley Wilkes. She pined for him from the time she was sixteen until his wifes death. They were two different people who never would have worked together, but she always longed for what she could not have. Only once he was finally available and needed her could she see that she did not really want him. She had already done plenty of damage by then, however. Her emotional affair with Ashley was practically common knowledge, and she hurt many people in the pursuit of his love. Stolen kisses and improper declarations kept the dream alive even when she finally married Rhett. Then Melanie, Ashleys saint of a wife, died. She had made Scarlett promise to take care of her husband and son. While Scarlett fulfilled this promise, she finally realized that Rhett was the one she truly loved. Her epiphany came too late. He was done with their marriage, exhausted by his wifes constant dedication to another man. She capitulate d, finally able to give him the upper hand and admit her feelings, but Scarlett could not mend the chasm her actions had created. He left with cold parting words as she begged for forgiveness and another chance. Many things contributed to the failure of Scarlett and Rhetts marriage. The war had left deep scars across the South, as well as in Scarletts heart. Because of this and her feelings for Ashley, she was not able to express her love for Rhett. Their daughters death was the beginning of the end. If Scarlett had opened her eyes to look beyond her own needs, though, she might have saved the marriage; they endured so many things together because they were right for each other. The odds were just stacked against them. And so, like the glory of the South, their love was gone like the wind.

Bill Gates :: essays research papers fc

Bill Gates When one thinks of computer software, one must think of Microsoft. In fact if you use a computer, chances are that you will have some type of program on there that is developed by Microsoft. The CEO, chairman, cofounder, and owner of 147 billion shares of Microsoft is Bill Gates. William Henry Gates III was born in the midst of a scenic Seattle on Thursday, October 28, 1995 to his parents Mary and William Henry Gates Jr. His childhood was uneventful and was well raised. He went to Sunday school at the Congregational church and sang in the choir. He was a Boy Scout but never showed interest for either of these activities. Gates was an unusual child who spent long periods in his room in deep thought. He loved science and showed great skill in the area of math. In fact he scored a perfect on the math section of the SAT. His high school English teacher Anne Stephens was amazed at Gates' memory. She commented on how Gates had remembered a 3-page soliloquy for a school play in one reading. He read often, tried to take up the trombone, had no interest in philosophy but rather thought of himself as a "scientist." His science teacher, William Dougall, remembers if the teacher wasn't going fast enough, "Bill always seemed on the verge of saying, 'But that's obvious.'" Gates once said to a teacher that some day he would be a millionaire. A grossly underestimated statement. Today Gates is one of the richest men in the world. In the fall of 1968, Bill Gates was entering the 8th grade at lakeside School, and his best friend Paul Allen, entered the 10th grade. Lakeside invested $3,000 into a Teletype machine which could connect to the business computer via a phone line. When the computer courses began in January 1969, both Gates and Allen discovered their passion for programming. Since very few teachers knew anything about computers, the boys taught themselves with every manual they could get their hands on. Some days both would cut gym to gain extra time on the terminal. Gates first program was a ticktacktoe game. Gates and Allen would soon be restricted to time on the terminal because the school's electric bill was ever increasing. In a long series of mishaps Gates and Allen would soon be programming away at Lakeside. The math teacher that had been assigned to do class scheduling, manually, died in an airplane accident. Gates and Allen were offered $2,400 worth of computer time in exchange for a class scheduling program.

The Controversy Over Music Censorship Essay -- Media

The Controversy Over Music Censorship Censorship in music is a very controversial subject in today’s society. What is considered a form of artistic expression to some is also considered vulgar and inappropriate to others. But who ultimately gets to decide what is considered vulgar and what is not? Who decides who hears what in the music industry? The RIAA is responsible for applying the Parental Advisory stamp on every album that is released in the United States. The FCC is responsible for making sure that no vulgarities or controversial comments are aired on radio or television. But why is some content edited and other content not? I will try and explain these questions in our article. What decides whether or not the Parental Advisory stickers get placed on an album? The RIAA follows seven guidelines in applying this important notice. 1) Contemporary cultural morals can not be offended or mocked in any way, shape or form. 2) The context of words can not be used offensively. This includes curse words. 3) The context of the song itself must not be offen...

Educational Administration and leadership

These are the most salient problems that the superintendent faces in her new job. (i) Complacency This is the general contentment with the state of affairs in the district system. In my opinion this is most salient of the problems since it presents a culture that has taken time to develop. Its effects are that the stakeholders fail to see their vulnerabilities and do not see the need to change. This culture is deeply ingrained in Harmony district such that any effort to bring change will definitely be resisted and this is not something that’s going to be resolved easily. As it is a mind that has learnt to think in a certain pattern will not easily be taught otherwise. The areas of complacency include: Non-compliance with the teaching evaluation program – The school district management team, teachers and parents have gotten used to not complying with these rules and it will take firm action to ensure compliance. (ii) Inequities – racial and poverty segregation This presents a special problem to the improvement of the district school system. This is a major obstacle not just to the school system but to the development of the entire region. The effects segregation are deep rooted and not easily resolved. Segregation is a social evil that requires diligent and patient campaign. It adversely affects the education system because when a school is economically segregated and under funded it affects the spending and consequently the quality of a school. This in turn affects the performance. (iii) Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to today’s changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of today’s world. The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in today’s world. iv) Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve. These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds does not lie on an individual/person but on a board to take care of this important responsibility. (v) Lack of support from assistants The 3 associates’ superintendents have openly disclosed their diverted interests. The fact that they didn’t get the coveted position makes them not be the best working mates. Their support willingly given would go a long way in ensuring the success of the changes that need to be made. Without it the superintendent’s job becomes more challenging. (vi) Low level of education among parents Parents who have not attended college are less likely to encourage their children to seek further education in colleges. This has led to the small number of students furthering their education after high school and to some extent the low population of students attending high school in the district. (vii) Indiscipline Scholl indiscipline is reported in the schools closest to the metropolitan centre. This is a thorny issue that needs to be urgently addressed since the potential of disrupting learning and aversely affected performance. Solutions Complacency This problem will take a lot of firmness and strength of will on the part of the superintendent. It is not going to be easy to inspire change to the people especially with the three associate superintendents not promising any support. However it can be done through the following steps: – †¢ Laying down the problem of pointing the vision for the future. †¢ Ensuring proper and effective communication with the stakeholders. This will ensure that people own the process or at least understanding why the changes must be made. †¢ Taking firm action in areas of complacency. Ensure that areas are non-compliance with the state mandate and so forth. Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to today’s changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of today’s world. The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in today’s world. Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve. These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds doesn’t lie on an individual/ person but forms are board to take care of this important responsibility. QUESTION 2 (i) One of the first personnel decisions the superintendent will make will be to increase the number of staff at the professional development office. This is from understanding that this office plays a crucial role in the district. It is the office charged with the responsibility of managing the school district’s teacher evaluation system. Currently teacher evaluation has not been happening in accordance to the state mandate. One staff member is not able to accomplish all that needs to be done. This office is also charged with the responsibility of giving assistance and support to new teachers. The fact that this office has not been functional in the last many years has affected the orientation process for the new teachers in the district. Having nowhere to turn to they now seek help from principals and other experienced teachers within their schools. These principals and teachers may be too busy or may not be objective in their giving of assistance. This has led to new teachers not being properly oriented. This will in turn affect their future work. Again this department will make it possible to motivate and boost the morale of the new teachers. (ii) Initiate comprehensive staff development program This program will be designed with the view of training teachers and will incorporate improvement plans. The time for planning will be set out in the program and the teachers being trained will be exempted from their normal responsibilities. The superintendent will recommend to the district board the adoption of performance pay policy for school principals who show remarkable performance. This will serve to encourage principals to spur the teacher within their schools to work even harder with their students so that they may improve their performance. This is in accordance to the human resource concept of giving incentives to outstanding performance in order to motivate them. Question 3. A curriculum philosophy refers to a set of values, beliefs and ideologies that guide educational administrators in the execution of their day to day duties. The numerous challenges facing Harmony District School system calls for a superintendent with a focused mind, one who is able to dissect through the problems of the school system and thereafter offer long lasting solutions to the inequities rampant in the area, the lax educational administrators , the dysfunctional teacher support services as well as the dismal performance of the schools , the increasingly agitated parents, the ignorant the ignorant and unsupportive parents all require a superintendent with a strong philosophy. A strong and reproducible curriculum philosophy is not only a guide to the superintendent but also serves as guidance to the whole district school system in dealing with the existing challenges and issues. The superintendent will have to borrow from similar cases in other systems especially from where they are transferring from. Additionally, the superintendent will rely heavily on the almost 30years field experience to deal with the staff as well as the parent body which clearly are not functioning in a manner likely to yield into a synergetic effect. Performance is the greatest challenge for the incoming superintendent. The statistics clearly point to a scenario whereby only very few students make it to the grade level. A comparative. As the new superintendent, the following curriculum if followed would result in the school system regaining new strengths and therefore uplifting the school performance. By emphasizing on non-compromise to quality, the superintendent will ensure that through better management staff, and especially then 253 veterans will use traditional instructional methods and have gone un-inspected for 5 years are inspected and such incidences do not recur in future. Usually such occurrences are caused by laxity on the part of the associate superintendents as well as the superintendent. If such a problem occurs at the superintendent’s office, this can only mean that matters are worse off in the schools. This has a bearing on the motivation of teachers as well as of the students and therefore performance is affected. Specifically, to bring the poor performing schools in the north area feeder system would simply require; adherence to state mandate on inspection and evaluation, addressing the inequality issues such as resources, enough teachers and enough administrators. Integration as a curriculum philosophy calls for amalgamation of the school system into the needs of the students and parents with an aim of ensuring that the schools provide and impart self sustaining education. By achieving the above, the superintendent is able to save the whole school system. The involvement of the local community in all of the above measures is of core importance in that the community is a big stake holder of the school and therefore all measures must get the approval of the community in the sense that it is the community that naturally should benefit from the school system. Currently that is not the case because the school system has ceased to adhere to state mandate rules and regulations. 4) You are to assume that Harmony School District is in a state with precisely the same laws as yours. You are concerned that the student performance data is evidence of inequities in the system and you are concerned that the school district has become complacent with these inequities. What problems presented in this case are related to issues of power and domination? Harmony school district must be made to deal with the rampant cases of inequities. The worst thing is the fact that this inequities currently happening do happen under the watch of the law enforcers. The superintendent is mandated to oversee the whole school system in the district. The law has to some degree protected the marginalized communities from discrimination and unfair treatment but at the same time it has failed to freely address the problem which studies have shown as a major contributor to poor performance in some schools in the Harmony school district. The above mentioned problems can only be addressed through the implementation of the state laws regarding education and which calls for and guarantees equal opportunities in the school system regardless of ones racial background. Although the law has been in place for decades it is evident that, it has not dealt and addresses the problems conclusively and effectively. Therefore there is a need for a more concerted effort towards the protection of the minority groups especially in the African-American community whose entry to grade – level is pathetic and wanting. The other legislation which needs urgent review is the school administration Act which calls for all education officials to be vigilant in making sure that the laxity observed in the school system for the past 5 years is done away with. Specifically, the following issues need urgent attention from the superintendent; Resource allocation is another issue, the fact that there is only one professional development staff is an indicator of neglected and dysfunctional school system. This can only be referred to as lack o human resource and it is a pointer to inequality in the resource distribution in the Harmony schools districts. The fact that, the schools have not had, their classroom buildings repaired for the past 5 years is a further testimony that the system is fully mismanaged and there is inequity in resource allocation. There is a need for equitable resource allocation from the state education department with an aim of ensuring that all schools no matter their locations or the social class have access to equal and adequate learning facilities including all necessary resources such as teachers, staff and materials. Without equitable resource distribution the pertinent issues of poor performance as well as other challenges facing the school system shall continue to haunt the school system and the superintendent in charge. Therefore the funding of the schools in the country need to be looked at afresh with an aim of helping out places like Harmony schools districts which is facing unprecedented challenges. The numerous sit-ins by parents is something which the superintendent needs to be wary about mainly because the trend may lead to general disturbances in the schools further affecting performance. This becomes a reality due to the fact that, if the parents are taking part in sit-ins or strikes then the children may take after them and the situation may further complicates an already complicated situation. The issue of power and domination is evident in the school system. The fact that, the white students perform better than others from other backgrounds is a pointer of power wars in the schools which may imply a dominance by children from well to do parents. Dominance is also evident in the way the parents who work in the nearby town in professional jobs are more active in the affairs of the school and even have seconded representatives to board meetings. This is an indicator that, the above are advantages as compared to their colleagues who do blue-color jobs who do not actively participate in the day to day running o the schools. Finally this is reflected in the performance of students therefore resulting into inequities.

Marriage Contract Essay

When entering into a marriage, the bride and groom may wish to sign an agreement detailing how assets will be divided if the marriage breaks down. Marriage contracts, often referred to as pre-nuptial agreements, can be drafted and signed before the marriage or during the course of a marriage. Depending on the jurisdiction, formal requirements may need to be met (i.e. agreement in writing, signatures, witnesses) before the contract is valid. A marriage contract can deal with each person’s obligations in the marriage, upon separation, annulment or divorce, or division of assets when one spouse dies. Applying for a marriage license A marriage license is required before getting married. The license itself does not mean that you are married but that you can get married, within that province, at any time during the next three months. To obtain a license you must apply in person to the marriage license issuer in the community in which you intend to get married. The Director of Vital Statistics will provide a list of issuers for a particular area on request. Only one of you need apply for the license but you will need to supply the relevant documents for both partners. As well, a fee will be required at the time of the application. Please contact the appropriate Vital Statistics Office beforehand in order to confirm these details. The Marriage Ceremony You may choose to have either a religious or civil ceremony, either type must be witnessed by at least two people. Religious ceremonies can be performed by any religious representatives registered with the Division of Vital Statistics under the Marriage Act for that Province. Civil ceremonies are performed by Marriage Commissioners, who are appointed by the Director of Vital Statistics and a fee is charged for this type of ceremony. Registering the Marriage The religious representative or Marriage Commissioner who performs your wedding ceremony will also assist you in completing the necessary Marriage Registration Forms. These are then sent to the Division of Vital Statistics where your marriage is registered and a legal record is kept. At the time of the marriage you may be provided with a statement of marriage. This is a document that can be used in the interim period to show that you are legally married. However, you should apply for your marriage certificate from the Director of Vital Statistics, again there is a fee for obtaining a marriage certificate and you should contact the Vital Statistics Office in order to find out the cost.